Abstract Over 125 million years of ant-plant interactions have culminated in one of the most intriguing evolutionary outcomes in life history. The myrmecophyte Duroia hirsuta (Rubiaceae) is known for its mutualistic association with the ant Myrmelachista schumanni and several other species. mainly Azteca. in the north-western Amazon. https://halohealthcarers.shop/product-category/grabbers/