Before the World War One. there were many secret alliances. but there were also reciprocated suspicions among some European powers during a few former decades (since 1876). These were alliances and suspicions involving their plans for geopolitical recomposition of the Balkans. https://www.roneverhart.com/Traditional-Karate-Do-Okinawa-Goju-Ryu-Book-1-The-Fundamental-Techniques-by-Morio-Higaonna-Preowned/